Sketch Map Analyser

What people draw from memory, measured.

Sketch maps can be considered externalizations of cognitive mental maps. SketchMapia compares them against a map of the real environment, so that studying them no longer means scoring every drawing by hand.

OpenStreetMap base map of Gievenbeck, Münster Hand-drawn sketch map of the same neighbourhood the same place, twice

About

Researchers have long sought to systematically study how people perceive and understand space. Analysing sketch maps, though, has stayed a slow and largely manual process. SketchMapia is a method for doing it systematically, for use in the social and natural sciences.

The software helps an experimenter to analyse:

I

Which features the participant remembered

Of everything in the real environment, what appears in the drawing at all.

II

At which level of generalisation they recalled objects

How far they abstracted: a row of shops drawn as one block, a junction simplified, a whole area reduced to a single labelled shape.

III

Whether they recalled the correct spatial configuration

Given what they drew, whether it was arranged correctly.

Two drawings of one neighbourhood

These sketch maps of Gievenbeck in Münster were drawn from memory by two participants. Both kept Hensenstraße running east to west, both placed Rüschhausweg and Enschedeweg either side of the block between them, and both remembered the Wartburg Grundschule and St. Michael Kirche. Beyond that they diverge: one recalls shops, dormitories and side streets the other leaves out entirely.

Detailed hand-drawn sketch map showing streets, shops, schools and churches in Gievenbeck
the detailed one Side streets, dormitories, shops and a Sparkasse, drawn well beyond the main road layout.
Sparser hand-drawn sketch map of the same neighbourhood
the sparse one The same streets, drawn more squarely, with only the landmarks that anchor them.
OpenStreetMap reference map of Gievenbeck, Münster, with landmarks labelled
and what is actually there The reference map both drawings are compared against. Every feature a participant drew is matched by hand to its counterpart here before anything is measured.

Simplification is not error

A participant who draws four adjacent buildings as one block has not forgotten three of them. They have abstracted, and that is worth measuring in its own right rather than counting as a mistake.

So before any accuracy measure runs, SketchMapia applies the participant's own simplifications to the reference map. If they merged four buildings, those four are merged on the reference side too, and the comparison is made like for like. The kinds of simplification people make are themselves recorded, which is how generalisation becomes something you can study rather than something you have to correct for.

Tutorials

This video gives a short overview of SketchMapia and how to use it.

For key concepts, how to set up a study, and what each measure means, see the documentation. Source code and technical notes are on GitHub.

References

An algorithmic approach to detect generalization in sketch maps from sketch map alignment
Manivannan C.; Krukar J.; Schwering A.
PLoS ONE · Public Library of Science · 2024
Spatial generalization in sketch maps: A systematic classification
Manivannan C.; Krukar J.; Schwering A.
Journal of Environmental Psychology · Academic Press · 2022
Distinguishing Sketch Map Types: A Flexible Feature-Based Classification
Krukar J.; Münzer S.; Lörch L.; Anacta V. J.; Fuest S.; Schwering A.
Springer International Publishing · 2018
SketchMapia: Qualitative Representations for the Alignment of Sketch and Metric Maps
Schwering A.; Wang J.; Chipofya M.; Jan S.; Li R.; Broelemann K.
Spatial Cognition and Computation · 2014

Start SKETCHMAPIA Read DOCUMENTATION

v1.1.6 · 2026.08.11 13:06